Dr. Kósa László nyugállományú rendőr alezredes PhD.
Dr. Kósa László nyugállományú rendőr alezredes PhD.
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AUTHOR’S GUIDE

László Kósa police lieutenant-colonel

THE CICRUMSTANCES OF THE VEHICULAR BLOCKADES ON PUBLIC
ROADS, LAW ENFORCEMENT OBSERVATIONS AND THE POSSIBLE
HANDLINGS IN REGARD TO THE „TAXI-CAB BLOCKADE”

Ph.D dissertation

Project Leader: István Bökönyi PhD major general CSc.


1. SUMMARIZING RESEARCH GOALS AND METHODS

The social development, the issue of the right of assembly laws, the institution and reinstitution of parties give wider latitude to the citizens. The citizens can give voice to their pleasure or displeasure about the parliament, the goverment, any party or social organization or about the activities of members of the above. This right contributes the appearance of citizens en masse and indirectly the increased hazard of public order. After the election in 1990 and after the peaceful regime interchange the most of the citizens hoped a quick, positive change of their personal circumstances and didn’t count on the occured social and economic change which caused multitudinous workplace termination and significant rise in prices by reason of switching to market economy.

In the transition period most of the statutes, laws and rights which affect the place and role of the police and ensure its effectiveness had been partly missing (Police Law, Unit Service Regulation for example) and came into being later. This evolving uncertainty destabilized especially at the different executive levels and highly decreased the activity of arrangements. This fact highly affected the police activity during the taxi-cab blockade including that the police had no practical experience about a nationwide blockade. In the appendix of the dissertation there are machine telegraph commands which prove that the information reached the decision makers on executive levels really slowly, on occasion inexactly.

I chose the processing of „taxi-cab blockade”, public road blockades, road blocking by police as subject of my dissertation because the theme cover a specific field which whole, comprehensive analysis, the holistic evaluation of the experiences didn’t happen in the last 15 years.

The actuality of the subject is proven yearly by demonstrations and one-track road blockings which doesn’t fit to the operative statutes all the time. (the lock down of Elisabeth Bridge in Budapest in 4th July 2002 and the demonstration before the Parliament for example) or in the spring of 2005 the properly declared farmer demonstration which lasted for three weeks and significantly rendered more difficult to the traffic participants nationwide and cost 232 million HUF for the tax-payers and the ensurance of the demonstration engaged remarkable number of police forces and took away them from execution of other tasks.

The personal actuality of the subject is that when I became member of the police unit in 1996 I handled unit service issues. This time by my status I had the opportunity to ensure and plan practical execution of demonstrations, one-track road blockings in Somogy county. These inspired me to be conversant with the cognition of the subject, researching, analyzing, processing and formulating the possible tasks in the future.

During the research of the subject it was a huge difficulty that there was no document in the Ministry of Justice, in the central record office of the Ministry for Home Affairs. No more than 14 pages were available even though I had a research permission about taxi-cab blockade which was signed by the head of National Police Head Quarter but I got only the machine telegraphs which can be found in the appendix. I haven’t got a single summarized report or any other written document about the occurences to study.

I assigned the following as research goals:

I analysed the coherency of the task system and laws or rather the possible effects of changes. I examined and systematized the present and possible tasks regarding to provost duty.

- PROCESSING, ANALYSING LAW REGULATIONS CONNECTED TO ROAD TRAFFIC REGARDING TO THE SUBJECT OF THE DISSERTATION;

- ANALYSING THE CRINIMAL LAW REGULATION OF THE ROADS ESPECIALLY IN CONSIDERATION OF THE ENSURANCE OF UNBLOCKED, FREE MOVEMENT;

- PROCESSING AND ANALYSING LAW AND LEGAL REGULATIONS, ORDERS ACCORDING TO THE RIGHT OF ASSEMBLY IN HUNGARY IN THE 19 AND 20 CENTURY;

- ANALYSING THE ARISEN – AND ACCESSIBLE - HOME AFFAIR DOCUMENTS, OPERATIVE LAW REGULATION, THE ISSUES PUBLICATED IN THE PRESS AND MEDIA DURING THE TAXI-CAB BLOCKADE IN HUNGARY IN 1990 BETWEEN 26 AND 28 OF OCTOBER;

- PROCESSING AND ANALYSING THE PRACTICAL ATTENDANCE OF THE MOST SIGNIFICANT DEMONSTRATIONS AFTER THE TAXI-CAB BLOCKADE IN 1990.

ON BEHALF OF REACHING THE OBJECTS:

- I STUDIED THE LAW AND STATUTE REGULATIONS ABOUT RIGHT OF ASSEMBLY, PUBLIC ROAD TRAFFIC, CRIMINAL PROTECTION OF PUBLIC ROADS, I LOOKED INTO THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATIONS BOTH IN MEDIA AND IN PRESS;

- I MADE RESEARCH IN RECORD OFFICES AND LIBRARIES IN THE MINISTRY FOR HOME AFFAIRS, IN THE NATIONAL POLICE HEAD QUARTER, IN THE NATIONAL RECORD OFFICE, IN THE LIBRARY OF PARLIAMENT, IN THE LIBRARY OF ZRÍNYI MIKLÓS NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY TO GET THE WIDER DATAS TO THE SUBJECT OF MY DISSERTATION;

- I HAD CONSULTATION WITH PERSONS WHO WERE EXECUTIVES IN DIFFERENT LEVELS DURING THE TAXI-CAB BLOCKADE OR PARTICIPATED IN THE EXECUTIVE UNIT AND I USED UP THE ARISEN INFORMATION IN MY DISSERTATION SERVING THEIR WISH AND NOT MENTIONING THEM BY NAME.

- I COMPILED AND SYSTEMATIZED THEMATICLY AND CHRONOLOGICLY THE MATERIALS; - I PROCESSED, ANALYZED THE COMPILED DOCUMENTS.

- DURING THE ANALYSIS OF THE OPINIONS OF THE PRESS, THE MEDIA, THE PARTIES INSIDE AND OUTSIDE OF PARLIAMENT I QUOTED THE OPINIONS WHICH I JUDGED TO BE RELEVANT CONSIDERING TO THE LIMITS OF THE LATITUTE OF MY DISSERTATION.

- I PARTICIPATED IN SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES AND I USED THE HEARD INFORMATION IN MY RESEARCH WORK.

- I PROCESSED AND INTERPRETED THE PARAGRAPHS OF LAW RELATED TO THE SUBJECT.

- I CONSIDERED THE SUGGESTIONS, OPINIONS WHICH I HEARD IN PROFESSIONAL DISCUSSIONS AND I MADE SUPPLEMENTARY RESEARCHES AND I WORKED OVER AND SPECIFIED MY DISSERTATION ACCORDINGLY.

- I CLOSED THE DATA COLLECTION IN 31 DECEMBER 2000 SO MY DISSERTATION DOESN’T CONTAIN THE ANALYSIS OF DEMONSTRATIONS AND LAW ALTERATIONS AFTER 2000.

I applied the present national and international literature, publications, analysis and estimation of laws as research method. By the documents and observations I examined the similar executed tasks by the Police. I examined the planing, organizing, leading activities of Provost Duty Security Service and the practical execution of handling critical situations. I participated in courses and programmes related to handling critical situations where I examined the possible tasks of armed forces and law enforcement organs in qualified period tasks, the methods and procedures of handling critical and conflict situations. I had discussions and conferences to reveal problems with specialists, executives, researchers and practical executors who plan qualified periodic tasks of armed forces and law enforcement organs.


2. SHORT SUMMARY OF THE FULFILLED EXAMINATIONS, CONCLUSIONS

I executed my examination by the objects determinated in research goals. I compartmentalized my dissertation into introduction, conclusion and five chapters.
IN THE FIRST CHAPTER I MADE THE HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE REGULATIONS OF PUBLIC TRAFFIC HIGHLIGHTING THE INITIATION AND THE ASSURING OF FREE TRAFFIC CONDITITONS.

IN THE SECOND CHAPTER I PROCESSED THE CRIMINAL REGULATIONS, THE ROLES OF ROAD AUTHORITIES AND ROAD SENTINELS HIGHLIGHTING THAT ALL-TIME EFFORT WHICH TRY TO ENSURE SAFE AND UNDISTURBED TRAFFIC ON ROAD WHICH ALSO FIT TO THE OPERATIVE STATUTES.

IN THE THIRD CHAPTER I MADE THE HISTORICAL OVERVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF RIGHT OF ASSEMBLY AND COMPARING THE CURRENT REGULATIONS OF THE OPERATIVE RIGHT OF ASSEMBLY.

IN THE FOURTH CHAPTER I EXAMINED THE CONFORMATION OF TAXI-CAB BLOCKADE AS WELL AS ITS SOCIAL CIRCUMSTANCES, REASONS, THE CHRONOLOGICAL OCCURENCES, THE RELATION AND ATTITUDE OF THE PARTICIPANTS, THE PRESS, THE MEDIA, THE RESPONSE OF PARTIES, THE PARTICIPANTS OF THE BLOCKADE TO EACH OTHERS, THE OBSERVATIONS OF THE LAW ENFORCEMENT HANDLING OF THE BLOCKADE, THE REACTION OF THE PARLIAMENT TO THE TAXI-CAB BLOCKADE, THE CREATION OF RIGHT OF AMNESTY IN THE PARLIAMENT WORK.

IN THE FIFTH CHAPTER I REVIEWED THE MOST SIGNIFICANT TRAFFIC DEMONSTRATIONS ON PUBLIC ROAD SINCE THE BLOCKADE AND I ANALYSED THE OBSERVATIONS OF ITS HANDLINGS.

I SUMMARIZED THE GENERAL COMPOSITIONS RELATED TO THE CONTENTS IN THE CONCLUSIONS AFTER THE CHAPTERS AS IT WERE A PROJECTION OF SCIENTIFIC RESULTS IN ADVANCE.

IN THE CONCLUSION I VISUALIZED THE RESULTS OF THE FULFILLED RESEARCH, I COMPOSED CONCLUSIONS, I REVEALED SCIENTIFIC OPPORTUNITIES AND LATER I MADE RECOMMENDATIONS HOW APPLY THEM.

I summarized the achieved results of the subject in a scientific composition and in several publications and I reviewed at an international conference in 2003.

Summarized conclusions, recommendations

The social development, the appearance of the right of union and the right of assembly give wider latitude to the citizens. The citizens can give voice to their pleasure or displeasure about the parliament, the goverment, any party or social organizations or about the activities of members of the above organizations. This right contributes the appearance of citizens en masse and indirectly to the increased hazard of public order.

In the examined period the organizers of demonstrations kept the regulations of the right of assembly in the great majority of cases, they ensured the peaceful procession of demonstration, helped keeping the public order acitivity of police units, had respect for the demands, observations, suggestions of police executives. On occasion it occured that the demonstration statements were incomplete but reached completion at legal deadline.
To dismiss bigger number of agressive crowd in Budapest or in counties could be possible only by applicating Standby Police. It would be the only chance to ensure the necessary police force. Regarding to the technical equipment it would be reasonable to equip the county police force with reasonable quantity of crowd dismissing accessoires, instrument and mobile cordons as the present equipment is not sufficient.

The standard communication system shortage and the little number of radio sets as well as the diversity of communication equipment cause problems.

At planning police cover in crowd demonstration in the future the possibility of counter demonstration and the possible conflicts of different political opinions or agressive, political, social groups must be considered.

To cover such demonstration there is a need of self-confident, calm, collected and well-trained policemen so not only the professional preparation of the police units but the proper psychic preparation is also needed.

It can be appointed that the III. statute of 1989 and the related 15/1990. (V. 14.) BM ordinance, the year of 1994 XXXIV. Statute About Police which regulate the tasks of the police, also ensure the constitutional principle of the right of assembly which proper practise developed both police and social side.

Recommendation:

By the connection and modernization of the sortie commanding systems it is necessary to develop the conditions of operational commanding. It is necessary to strive establishing such commanding centrals which can be applicable nationally and also internationally. I think it is important to establich such a training (researching) base which allow to make practised the decision-makers and able to satisfy the regional training demands.

In favour of modernization it is indispensable to follow with attention and occurent receiving the observations and activities of the EU countries during the law harmonization procedure.

The condition of fast and effective application is the preparation and up-to-date of plans which related to the possible tasks which regard as valid to normal and diverse situations. By working out the application conceptions and organizing the necessary preparations can guarantee the fast, organized and above all prepared and proportionate usage of units.

By the analysing the possible task I think it is reasonable to modernize the sortie uniform and to establish the conditions of supply. The county sortie sub-units need special individual life support system helping them to provide their special tasks as well as the life support system of the whole unit must be modernized.

I think it is reasonable and especially necessary to increase mobility. In line with the change of extant vehicles by reason of the amortization it is necessary to increase mobility and land rover ability. There is a need to configure such a vehicles to the sortie organs, sub-units which can transport not only the units but the special equipment as well. The units of Central organizations (Provost Duty Security Service) have to be capable to be transported by air or rearrangement, in behalf of this having mobile supply is necessary.

The informatics and communications system must be kept on a high standard continuously. The safe connection, data query, accessibility is necessary to versatile use of police units. The development must ensure the compability with provost duty, law enforcement and military cooperation.

During the modernization the technical equipment, arms have to be handled separately depending on its used everyday on provost duty or only in special sortie.

3. THE SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE DISSERTATION AND ITS POSSIBLE UTILIZATIONS


By my scientific research according to the publicated researches in the professional literature, new scientific research results of my dissertations are:

1. Examining and analysing rules and regulations of public road traffic in the 19 and 20 century especially the assurance of „free movement”, historical overview

2. Collection of accesible publications related to „taxi-cab blockade” and the analysis of the relation of the participants by the operative law, revealing the correspondence of the relations.

3. Critical analysis and summary of attitude of the press, the media, parties of the parliament during the taxi-cab blockade.

4. Introducing the most significant public road traffic demonstrations since the „taxi-cab blockade” to 2000, the reason of formation, suggestion of solutions.
In my dissertation – as result of the fulfilled research work – I tried to systematize the material and the subject or the other fields of the subject could be a source to further research. Factual tasks and arrangements can be processed by the concieved subject.

I think my dissertation can be useful in Police Officer College or in warrant officer courses in preparation of police executives and executers or in similar tasks to carry into effect professional, legal arrangements.

I don’t regard this dissertation as enclosed subject of my research. I’d like to keep going on my scientific activity of this subject since at present unfortunately – supposedly the short elapsed time since the blockade – several material is not acccesible.

 
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Számláló
Indulás: 2005-12-28
 

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